1) El Presente Perfecto - I have (already) studied for 2 hours.

(Ya) he estudiado 2 horas.

• helping verb (in present tense) + past participle
• helping verb = haber in the present tense (he has ha hemos habéis han)
• past participle = -ado/-ido (regular verbs) ; REVV MAC PHDD (common irregular verbs

Irregular past participles
Romper - Roto
Escribir - Escrito
Ver - Visto
Volver - Vuelto

Morir - Muerto
Abrir - Abierto
Cubrir - Cubierto

Poner - Puesto
Hacer - Hecho
Decir - Dicho
Descubrir - Descubierto

Práctica en línea - Presente Perfecto

1. *Colby Spanish Language and Culture - Present Perfect
2. Quia - Present Perfect (Juego: Rags to Riches)
3. * Quia - Present Perfect
4. * Quia - Present Perfect 2
5. Explanation: Present Perfect (studyspanish.com)
6. **Present perfect mini quiz (studyspanish.com)
7. **Present perfect mini-test (studyspanish.com)
8. Explanation: Past participles
9. ** Past participles - miniquiz (studyspanish.com)

10. Quizlet - Irregular Past Participles

2) EL pluscuamperfecto - I had (already) finished my homework when you called.

(Ya) había terminado mi tarea cuando tú llamaste.

• 2 things occurring in the past, one before the other. The earlier one is pluscuamperfecto. The later one is pretérito.
• helping verb (in imperfect) + past participle
• helping verb = haber in the imperfect (había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían)
• past participle = -ado/-ido (regular verbs) ; **REVV MAC PHDD (common irregular verbs)

Pluscuamperfecto.ppt

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Práctica en línea - Pluscuamperfecto

1. Pluperfect
2. Pluscuamperfecto (studyspanish.com)
3. Pluscuamperfecto (quia)
4. Pluperfect practice (quia)
5. Present Perfect and Past Perfect (Pluperfect) - (Trinity)
6. Pluperfect exercises

3) El futuro y el futuro perfecto

El futuro - I will finish my homework.

Yo terminaré mi tarea.

• Futuro = no helping verb, use the fut/cond stem + future endings (é, as, a, emos, éis, han)
• Fut/cond stem = infinitivo (regular verbs) or *irregular fut/cond stem
• Future endings = é, as, a, emos, éis, an
• 
  

Fut/Cond stems**

• All fut/cond stems end in "-r"

• all are the same for futuro and condicional

• Regular fut/cond stems = infinitive

• *Irregular fut/cond stems**

- (these are just special)

• decir = dir-
• hacer = har-

- (these just lose the "e" of the infinitive -er ending)

• caber = cabr-
• haber = habr-
• poder = podr-
• querer = querr-
• saber = sabr-

- (the "e" or "i" of the infinitive is replaced by "d")

• poner = pondr-
• salir = saldr-
• tener = tendr-
• valer = valdr-
• venir = vendr-

Práctica en línea - Futuro

1. El futuro (Colby)
2. Basic Quiz - Futuro (studyspanish.com)
3. Futuro (quia)
4. Futuro (ver-taal)
5. Futuro (otro)
6. Futuro (otro 2)
7. Futuro (y otros tempos verbales)
8. Futuro (drill)
9. Futuro (Jackson)
10. Futuro - Miniquiz (Jackson)
11. Futuro Irregular Drill (studyspanish.com)

El futuro perfecto - I will have finished my homework by 6:00.

Yo habré terminado la tarea para las seis.

• 2 things occurring in the future, one before the other. The one completed first is futuro perfecto, the one occurring second is futuro
• Futuro perfecto = helping verb in the futuro + past participle
• helping verb = haber in the future tense (habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habéis, habrán)
• past participle = -ado/-ido (regular verbs) ; **REVV MAC PHDD (common irregular verbs)

Práctica en línea - Future Perfect (studyspanish.com explanation)

1. Basic Quiz
2. Mini-Test

4) El condicional y el condicional perfecto -

El condicional - She told me she would arrive at 3:00.

Ella me dijo* que llegaría a las tres. (pretérito)

• Condicional = no helping verb, use the fut/cond stem + condicional endings (ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían)
• Fut/cond stem = infinitivo (regular verbs) or irregular fut/cond stem
• Condicional endings = ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían

Práctica en línea - Condicional

1. Condicional - Practica (Colby)
2. Condicional - miniquiz (Jackson)
3. Condicional - drill (ver-taal)
4. Condicional - Poema (Colby)

El condicional perfecto -

I would have bought the book if I had brought some money.

Habría comprado el libro si hubiéramos traído* dinero. *pluperfect subjunctive (L6)

• Condicional perfecto = helping verb in the condicional + past participle
• helping verb = haber in the condicional tense (habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habríais, habrían)
• past participle = -ado/-ido (regular verbs) ; **REVV MAC PHDD (common irregular verbs)

Práctica en línea - Condicional Perfecto

1. Condicional perfecto (123teachme)

***Futuro/Condicional - Conjecture

Future is used for conjecture or expression of probability about the present:

• ¿Qué hora será? What time can it be?
• Serán las cinco. It is probably five o’clock.

Conditional is used for conjecture and to express probability with regards to a past action, as in the following example:

• ¿Qué hora sería? What time could it have been?
• Serían las cinco. It was probably five o’clock.

5) Los participios pasados como adjetivos